A person may then receive a lumbar puncture to check for the presence of lymphoblasts in their spinal fluid. In both instances, a person will usually receive induction therapy. This is the first-line treatment that aims to put the disease into remission. It typically consists of chemotherapy.
If a person goes into remission after induction therapy, they will begin consolidation therapy. This is the next stage of treatment that kills off any remaining cancer cells in the body in order to help maintain disease remission. Consolidation therapy for AML may consist of high-dose chemotherapy, hematopoietic cell transplantation HCT , or both. In some cases, a doctor may recommend stem cell therapy SCT.
People with leukemia may also receive other types of treatment, such as :. A relative survival rate helps give an idea of how long a person with a particular condition will live after receiving a diagnosis compared with those without the condition. It is important to remember that these figures are estimates. A person can consult a healthcare professional about how their condition is going to affect them. This means that Between and , the lifetime risk of developing AML was 0.
The NCI estimates that, during the same time frame, 66, people were living with the condition. The 5-year relative survival rate for ALL is Between and , the lifetime risk of developing ALL was 0.
A person who has recently received a diagnosis of AML or ALL may want to find out more about their condition and its treatment. AML causes the body to produce too many myeloblasts, platelets, and red blood cells.
Chemotherapy is the main treatment for AML. It's used to kill as many leukaemia cells in your body as possible and reduce the risk of the condition coming back relapsing. In some cases, intensive chemotherapy and radiotherapy may be needed, in combination with a bone marrow or stem cell transplant. There are organisations that offer information, advice and support if you or a family member has been diagnosed with AML. It may also spread to lymph nodes and organs such as the liver and spleen.
CLL develops when too many abnormal lymphocytes grow, crowding out normal blood cells and making it difficult for the body to fight infection. When it does cause symptoms, these may include swelling in the lymph nodes neck, underarm, stomach or groin , fatigue, fever, infection, weight loss and more.
Various blood tests may be used to help diagnose CLL. CLL may not need to be treated immediately, but rather monitored for any problems and changes, at which point the need for treatment may be reassessed. Common treatment options include:. Chronic myeloid leukemia CML , also known as chronic myelogenous leukemia, begins in the blood-forming cells of the bone marrow and then, over time, spreads to the blood.
Eventually, the disease spreads to other areas of the body. CML is slow-growing, but once it starts causing symptoms, these may include fatigue, fever, weight loss and an enlarged spleen. Around half of CML cases are diagnosed by a blood test before symptoms have begun. Among the many different types of leukemia, some are less common than others.
Three rarer leukemia types—prolymphocytic leukemia PLL , large granular lymphocyte leukemia LGL and hairy cell leukemia HCL —share some of the same characteristics as lymphocytic leukemias and are sometimes considered subtypes of chronic or acute lymphocytic leukemia CLL and ALL. Myelodysplastic syndromes are conditions related to leukemia that are also rare. If it causes symptoms, they may be similar to other types of leukemia flu-like symptoms, easy bruising, unexplained weight loss.
Diagnosis may include blood tests as well as bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. However, relapse is common. Large granular lymphocytic LGL leukemia is a chronic type of leukemia that causes the body to produce abnormally large lymphocytes. By the time patients are diagnosed with this condition, symptoms tend to be present and include flu-like symptoms, frequent infections and unexplained weight loss.
The five-year-survival-rate for children with AML is 60 to 70 percent. The outlook and prognosis for AML varies widely. Much of it is based on the outcomes and analysis of blood tests , imaging studies, cerebrospinal fluid CSF examinations , and bone marrow biopsies.
Some people with a poor prognosis live many more years than a doctor predicts while others may not live as long. The median age of a person diagnosed with AML is 68 years old. Age can be a major factor in determining AML treatment response. Doctors know that survival rates for those diagnosed with AML are more promising for people who are under the age of This could be for a number of reasons.
Some people older than the age of 60 may have chronic conditions or may not be in good health. This can make it difficult for their bodies to handle the strong chemotherapy medications and other cancer treatments associated with AML. A study found that only 40 percent of people 66 and up received chemotherapy within three months of diagnosis. Despite the differences in treatment response among different age groups or cohorts , overall survival rates for people between 65 and 74 years old have improved over the past three decades, according to a study.
Doctors often classify the different types of AML by their cell mutations. Some cell mutation types are known to be more responsive to treatments.
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